Jeff Bezos

1. 1986–1988Fitel — network development for international trade.
2. 1988–1990Product manager at Bankers Trust.
3. 1990–1994D. E. Shaw & Co.; became senior vice president by age 30.
4. 1994Founded Amazon as an online bookseller.
5. 2000Founded Blue Origin.
6. 2006Amazon launched AWS.
7. 2021Stepped down as Amazon CEO; became executive chairman.

• Customer obsession

  The 1997 shareholder letter states 'We will continue to focus relentlessly on our customers'; the letter is reattached to every subsequent annual letter, including 2020.

• Long-term thinking

  1997 letter: 'a fundamental measure of our success will be the shareholder value we create over the long term' and a commitment to decide 'in light of long-term market leadership considerations rather than short-term profitability'.

• Economies of scale

  The publicly described flywheel — lower cost structure funds lower prices, which brings volume, which lowers cost further — is the stated logic of Amazon's retail pricing.

• Capital allocation

  Sustained reinvestment of operating cash flow into fulfilment capacity and AWS instead of reported earnings, argued for explicitly in the annual letters' emphasis on free cash flow over EPS.

• Systems thinking

  Amazon's stated preference for building reusable internal platforms (fulfilment, then AWS) treats internal infrastructure as a system that can be resold as a product.

Each model is listed only where a specific piece of public evidence supports it. The evidence line is what you should judge — the label is just an index into it.